Units of Time
millisecond /ˈmɪləˌsekənd/
second /ˈsekənd/
minute /ˈmɪnɪt/
day
week
month
year
decade = 10 years /dekˈeɪd/
century = 100 years /ˈsentʃəri/
millennium = 1000 years /mɪˈleniəm/
“What time is it?” - “ It's ten o'clock.”
Time of the Day
Day time ## night time
Midday ## midnight
AM ## PM
Morning - Afternoon - Evening
Dawn ## dusk /dɑːn/ /dʌsk/
Sunrise ## sunset /ˈsʌnraɪz/ /ˈsʌnset/
Twilight /ˈtwaɪlaɪt/
Ex. All I could see was a dark figure in the twilight.
In + morning/afternoon/evening
Ex. I’ll come and see you in the morning, okay?
At + night/midday/midnight/daytime/weekend
Ex. I just had a sandwich at midday.
Days of the week
Monday - Mon./ Mo. /ˈmʌndeɪ/
Tuesday - Tue./ Tu. /ˈtuːzdeɪ/
Wednesday - Wed./ We. /ˈwenzdeɪ/
Thursday - Thu./ Th. /ˈθɝːzdeɪ/
Friday - Fri./ Fr. /ˈfraɪdeɪ/
Saturday - Sat./ Sa. /ˈsæt̬ɚdeɪ/
Sunday - Sun./ Su. /ˈsʌndeɪ/
Weekdays = from Monday to Friday
Weekend = Saturday and Sunday
At the weekend (UK) = On the weekend (US)
Ex. Would you wear it to go jogging on the weekend?
Over the weekend = during the weekend
Ex. I promise I'll call you over the weekend.
On + day of the week
Ex. The office is closed on Fridays.
Months of the Year
January - Jan. /ˈdʒænjueri/
February - Feb. /ˈfebruːeri/
March - Mar. /mɑːrtʃ/
April - Apr. /ˈeɪprəl/
May - May /meɪ/
June - Jun. /dʒuːn/
July - Jul. /dʒʊˈlaɪ/
August - Aug. /ɑːˈɡʌst/
September - Sep. /sepˈtembɚ/
October - Oct. /ɑːkˈtoʊbɚ/
November - Nov. /noʊˈvembɚ/
December - Dec. /dɪˈsembɚ/
Days of the month
In + month
Ex. Her birthday is in December.
On + month + day
Ex. We went to Mexico on December 12.
Leap year /ˈliːp/
Ex. A leap year has 366 days instead of the usual 365.
In + year/ century
Ex. The house was built in 1935.
Writing the Date
14 March 2016 (UK) = day-month-year
March 14, 2016 (US) = month-day-year
Answer the questions:
How many minutes are there in an hour and a half?
What time do you usually wake up? When do you go to bed?
How many hours do you often sleep? How many minutes is it?
How many hours are there between midnight and noon?
Do you like watching the sunrise/ sunset?
When can you see the sunrise/ sunset in your country?
Do you think that dusk is more beautiful than dawn? Why or why not?
How many weekdays do you know?
What do you often do on the weekend?
What’s your favourite day of the week? Why?
How do we call 10 years/ 100 years / 1000 years?
How many days in a year? How many months?
What do you know about a leap year?
How old are you? Can you name the date of your birth?
What’s your favourite month? Why?
More useful vocabularies:
After ## before
Ex. I usually go to bed after midnight.
Beforehand /bɪˈfɔːrhænd/
Ex. I know she is coming back tonight because she's informed us beforehand.
Afterwards /ˈæftɚwɚdz/
Ex. We plan to go to the cinema first and eat afterwards.
Premature (adj) /ˌpriːməˈtʊr/
Ex. premature birth/death
Belated /bɪˈleɪt̬ɪd/ = tardy /ˈtɑːrdi/ = slow or late in happening
Ex. a belated apology/ birthday greetings
Dinner was somewhat delayed on account of David's rather tardy arrival.
Momentarily /ˌmoʊmənˈterəli/ = for a very short time
Ex. She was momentarily confused by the foreign road signs.
Clock /klɑːk/
Clock face
Hour hand ## Minute hand ## Second hand
Types of Clock
analog clock /ˈænəlɑːɡ ˌklɑːk /
alarm clock /əˈlɑːrm ˌklɑːk/
cuckoo clock /ˈkʊkuː ˌklɑːk/
digital clock /ˈdɪdʒət̬əl ˌklɑːk/
grandfather clock /ˈɡrænfɑːðɚ ˌklɑːk/
pendulum clock /ˈpendʒələm/
Watch /wɑːtʃ/
Pocket watch
Stopwatch
Sundial
Hourglass /ˈaʊrɡlæs/
Calendar /ˈkæləndɚ/
Calendar month/ year
Lunar month/ year
Time zone
Ex. If you go from New York to London, you cross five time zones.
Schedule = timetable /ˈskedʒuːl/
Deadline
Ex. There's no way I can meet that deadline.
Annual (adj) /ˈænjuəl/
Ex. an annual event/visit/holiday/report
Chronological (adj) /ˌkrɒnəˈlɑːdʒɪkəl/
Ex. Give me the dates in chronological order.
Daylight saving time = DST
Ex. In DST, clocks are set forward one hour in early spring and they are set back one hour in autumn.
Equinox /ˈekwənɑːks/
Ex. spring/ autumnal equinox day
Solstice /ˈsɑːlstɪs/
Ex. The summer solstice has the longest days, and the winter solstice has the shortest.
Early bird ## night owl
Jubilee /ˌdʒuːbəˈliː/
Ex. The company is celebrating its golden jubilee.
To synchronize /ˈsɪŋkrənaɪz/
Ex. We'd better synchronize our watches if we all want to be there at the same time.
Punctual (adj) /ˈpʌŋktʃuəl/
Ex. Please try to be punctual, so we can start the meeting on time.
Significant /sɪɡˈnɪfəkənt/ = having a special meaning
Ex. She looked at him across the table and gave him a significant smile.
Expressions with time
to spend time
Ex. He wants to spend more time with his family.
to take time
Ex. It takes a long time to get from London to Sydney.
to save time
Ex. We'll definitely save time on our journey if we go by train.
to run out of time
Ex. She ran out of time and didn't finish the last question.
to have/take time off
Ex. I asked my boss if I could have some time off to go to the dentist.
in time = early enough
Ex. I got home just in time - it's starting to rain.
(right) on time = at the particular moment
Ex. My parents go to the house right on time.
with time
Ex. The dress has lost it's bright colors with time.
all the time = continuously
Ex. I wish you'd stop laughing at me all the time.
in no time
Ex. The kids ate their dinner in no time.
for all time = always
Ex. I will love you for all time.
of all time
Ex. I think she is the greatest singer of all time.
from time to time = sometimes, but not often
Ex. From time to time I still think of her.
time after time = again and again
Ex. Time after time she gets involved in relationships with the wrong men.
To work overtime
Ex. They're working overtime daily this month.
On overtime = being paid extra for working after the usual time
Ex. Everyone is on overtime this weekend.
In overtime = a period of time in a sports game
Ex. They lost to the Bears in overtime.
Idioms and useful phrases
At the crack of dawn = very early in the morning
Ex. We'll have to leave at the crack of dawn.
In broad daylight = when anyone could see what is happening
Ex. We never expected wolves to come into our yard in broad daylight.
In the dead of night/winter = in the middle of night/winter
Ex. The fire broke out in the dead of night.
The sands (of time) are running out = not much time left to do something
Ex. The sands are running out—if she doesn't move out of that neighborhood, she'll be the next victim of a violent crime.
All the time in the world
Ex. Don't hurry – we have all the time in the world.
Time's a great healer = a difficult situation will seem less bad as time passes
Ex. I know it's hard to consider now, but time is a great healer.
Time will tell = to discover the result in the future
Ex. Time will tell whether we made the right decision.
Under the wire = at the last possible moment
Ex. They got in under the wire just before the entry requirements for the training program changed.
The last minute = the latest possible opportunity for doing something
Ex. He always leaves his homework until the last minute.
If and when = at the time that something happens
Ex. We don't own a car - we just rent one if and when we need it.
More questions
How important is time to you?
How often do you think about time?
What is the traditional working timetable in your country?
Do you have a regular timetable during the week?
Do you prefer to be busy or to have an easy schedule?
How good are you at meeting deadlines?
What takes up most of your time?
How much time do you spend sleeping? Do you wish you could sleep more?
Are you a "night owl" or an "early bird"?
Are the clocks changed by an hour in Spring and Fall in your country?
How much free time do you usually have?
Do you have enough time to do the things you want to do?
Does time fly when you’re having fun?
Time seems to pass more slowly when you are bored. What activities do you find especially boring?
How quickly does time pass in your English class?
Do you ever waste your time?
If you had more free time, what would you do?
If you had the power to stop and restart time, when would you use it?
If time travel were possible, which period of world history would you like to return to? Why?
Do you agree with the expression "Time is money"? Why or why not?
Do you believe that time is a great healer? Why or why not?
Do you prefer to show up late or early?
Have you ever arrived somewhere in the last minute?
Does waiting for something bother you?
Do you usually wear a watch? What do you usually use to know what time it is?
Are you able to wake up at a specific time without the use of an alarm clock?
What's the most significant time of your life?
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