Warm up questions:
1. Is COVID-19 caused by a virus or a bacteria?
2. What does COVID-19 stand for?
3. When was COVID-19 first identified?
4. Which organs are most affected by COVID-19?
5. How does the virus spread?
6. What are the symptoms of COVID-19?
7. Is it safe in your neighborhood?
8. Have you ever been tested for COVID-19?
9. Have you ever been vaccinated yet?
10. How do you protect yourself?
11. Do you often keep yourself updated with news about Coronavirus in your local area/ country and other nations too?
Vocabularies:
Coronavirus /kəˈrəʊ.nəˌvaɪə.rəs/
COVID-19 /ˈkoʊ.vɪdˌnaɪnˈtiːn/
Disease /dɪˈziːz/ (n)
To cause /kɔːz/
To be caused
Example:
A doctor told him that this condition was caused by excess consumption of roasted and fried food.
Hand sanitizer /ˈhænd sænɪtaɪzər/ (n)
Example:
Do you often use hand sanitizer?
Close Contact (n)
Example:
She's a close contact, so she needs to be tested for COVID-19.
To originate /əˈrɪdʒɪneɪt/
Origin (n)
Example:
The disease is thought to have originated in the tropics
To spread
Example:
The disease spreads easily
World Health Organization - WHO
Example:
The WHO declared COVID-19 a pandemic.
Animal-human interface
Example:
Animal diseases can potentially pass to humans at any animal-human interface such as a zoo, farm or animal market.
To carry
Example:
Some people may carry coronavirus without knowing it.
Carrier (n)
Example:
People who are asymptomatic can still be carriers
To transmit
Example:
Many diseases are transmitted through physical contact.
Transmission (n)
Example:
Transmission of many diseases can be direct or indirect.
Community spread = community transmission (n)
Example:
With this many new positive cases, the evidence suggests that we now have community spread right here in our county.
Contact tracing (n)
Example:
By insisting on strict contact tracing as soon as someone was potentially infected, they managed to control the spread of the disease.
To infect
But can it infect human beings?
Infected (adj/ past participle)
Example:
They were able to cure the infected left lung before the infection could spread to the right lung.
Infection (n)
Example:
Breast milk can help protect babies against various infections
Infectious (adj) = Contagious
Example:
Avoid the dogs as they may still be infectious.
Contagious /kənˈteɪdʒəs/ (adj)
Example:
Patients who are still contagious are kept in isolation.
To diagnose /ˌdaɪəɡˈnəʊs/
Example:
The test is used to diagnose a variety of diseases.
Diagnosis /ˌdaɪəɡˈnəʊsɪs/ (n)
Example:
Only a medical professional can properly diagnose the cause of your problem
Symptom /ˈsɪmptəm/ (n)
Example:
Symptoms include a headache and sore throat.
Symptomatic /ˌsɪmptəˈmætɪk/ (adj)
Example:
Typical symptoms of COVID-19 are fever, coughing, and shortness of breath.
Some symptoms of Coronavirus
1. Cough
Example:
He has a cough
2. Cold
Example:
She has a cold
Runny nose
Example:
He has a runny nose
Sniff
3. Sneezing
Example:
He's sneezing
4. Fever
Example:
She has a fever
Temperature
Example:
He has a temperature
What's his temperature?
His temperature is 39 degrees
5. Body ache /eɪk/
Example:
Her body hurts
6. Fatigue /fəˈtiːɡ/
Example:
He's very tired
7. Difficulty breathing
Example:
It's hard for her to breathe
Asymptomatic /ˌeɪsɪmptəˈmætɪk/ (adj)
Example:
She had no idea her husband had coronavirus because he was asymptomatic.
Measure (n) = actions/ steps
Example:
The health authorities took various measures
Droplet /ˈdrɑːplət/ (n)
Example:
Health care personnel wear protective clothing to guard against the disease carried in droplets when infected people sneeze or cough.
Epidemic /ˌepɪˈdemɪk/ (n)
Example:
The city was devastated by an epidemic of cholera in the 19th century.
Pandemic
Example:
Just after the First World War there was a pandemic of flu which killed up to 40 million people worldwide.
To flatten the curve
Example:
How to flatten the curve on Coronavirus.
Social distancing (n)
Example:
Authorities hope that by introducing social distancing they will be able to flatten the curve and avoid hospitals being rapidly overwhelmed with new cases.
Herd immunity /hɜːrd ɪˈmjuːnəti/ (n)
This virus is unlike the seasonal flu because there is currently no vaccine or herd immunity, he said.
Incubation period /ˌɪŋkjuˈbeɪʃn/ (n)
Example:
When they know the incubation period they will know how long to keep people in quarantine.
To isolate
Example:
They will isolate anyone suspected of having the disease.
Self-isolate
Example:
The prime minister's wife has tested positive for COVID-19 and the couple are now self-isolating and working by phone and Skype.
Isolation
Example:
Travelers arriving from the infected area were immediately put in isolation.
Lockdown (n)
Blanket lockdown
Example:
Sweden was one of the few countries that did not impose blanket lockdowns.
To restrict
Example:
Having small children tends to restrict your freedom
Restriction /rɪˈstrɪkʃn/(n)
Example:
There are no restrictions on the amount of money you can withdraw
To ban
Example:
To ban large gatherings
International flights are banned
Border (n)
To seal the borders = to close the borders
Example:
To seal borders
To avoid contact with others
Example:
To stock up (on groceries/ on food/ on toilet paper...) - positive way
Example:
People stock up on groceries before the lockdowns.
To hoard (goods/ food/ valuable things...) - negative way
Example:
There would be enough food on a daily basis if people were not hoarding.
To shut = to close
Example:
Due to Coronavirus, many companies have been shut down.
To panic /ˈpænɪk/
Example:
Don't panic! Everything will be okay.
Essential businesses # Non essential businesses
Example:
The authorities shut non essential businesses.
To cancel
Example:
All of the schools have been cancelled due to Coronavirus
To postpone
Example:
Many events have been postponed.
To control
Example:
The governments are trying to control the virus
To contain the transmission = To control the spread
To develop the symptoms
Example:
When you're infected, maybe at first you don't have any symptoms but you may develop symptoms later
Vulnerable (adj)
The vulnerable
To protect
Example:
We should protect the vulnerable
To hunker down
Example:
We hunkered down in the cellar while the storm raged outside.
To livestream
Example:
To livestream a press conference
Test kit (n)
Example:
Do you know how to use a test kid?
Case (n)
Example:
The cases of Coronavirus in Vietnam have been reducing recently.
Confirmed (adj)
Example:
She tested positive. It's a confirmed case.
Recovered (adj)
To recover
Example:
The recovered cases were 55 according to the statistics.
Overwhelming (adj)
Health system (n)
Example:
The health system in Vietnam has been overwhelming during Coronuavirus.
Mandatory /ˈmændətɔːri/ (adj)
Example:
It's mandatory for him to be in isolation.
Voluntary /ˈvɑːlənteri/ (adj)
Example:
It's voluntary to work from home.
To volunteer
Fatal /ˈfeɪtl/(adj)
Fatality (n)
Example:
COVID-19 can be fatal
a fatal accident/blow/illness
Unprecedented /ʌnˈpresɪdentɪd/ (adj) = never done or known before
Example:
The situation is unprecedented in modern times.
Concerned (about) /kənˈsɜːrnd/ (adj)
Example:
I'm really concerned about my health/ family/ job.
He's always concerned about money.
Factual /ˈfæk.tʃu.əl/ (adj)
Fact (n)
Example:
Parents should give factual information about Coronavirus to their children, not so emotional or exaggerated
To deal with = to cope with
Example:
What do you often do to cope with your stress?
Anxiety /æŋˈzaɪ.ə.t̬i/
Anxious /ˈæŋk.ʃəs/
Example:
Deal with your own anxiety about Coronavirus
Face mask (n)
Example:
The World Health Organization have historically offered varying advice on whether or when people should wear face masks.
To vaccinate /ˈvæksɪneɪt/
Example:
I was vaccinated against COVID-19
Vaccine
A vaccine for cholera was invented in 1879.
Vax
Have you had your flu vax this year?
Anti-vaxer, Anti-vaxxer
Example:
Some anti-vaxxers are against vaccines on religious grounds and others just believe vaccines are dangerous to health.
Novel (adj) = new & original
Example:
A novel idea/suggestion
Novel coronavirus
Example:
Until they gave it a name, they mostly referred to COVID-19 as novel coronavirus (ncovid)
Outbreak /ˈaʊtbreɪk/ (n)
Example:
There was an outbreak in Wuhan, China.
Pathogen /ˈpæθədʒən/ (n)
Example:
Fortunately, most pathogens are dealt with by the body's immune system.
Patient zero (n)
Example:
Authorities usually try to determine who patient zero was in any given outbreak as can help answer important questions about how, when and why it started.
PCR test - PCR = polymerase chain reaction
Example:
The PCR test is one of the tools that doctors use to diagnose certain coronavirus diseases.
Personal protective equipment (PPE)
Example:
Much of the PPE worn by doctors and nurses has to be worn once only and destroyed after use.
Person-to-person
Example:
In January an infected American woman returning home from China transmitted the virus to her husband, marking the first known example of person-to-person spread of the virus in the USA
Quarantine /ˈkwɔːrəntiːn/ (n)
Self - quarantine
Example:
The dog was kept in quarantine for six months.
Screening /ˈskriːnɪŋ/ (n)
Example:
They now conduct screening for all incoming passengers.
Superspreader /ˈsuːpərspredər/ (n)
Example:
One so-called "superspreader" in South Korea infected at least 37 people at her church with the virus.
Superspreading (adj)
Example:
Superspreading event
Test negative/ Test positive
Example:
The President is pleased to announce that he has tested negative for the virus.
To treat
Example:
Doctors cannot currently treat COVID-19 directly and instead concentrate on relieving symptoms.
Treatment (n)
Example:
There is currently no specific antiviral treatment for COVID-19, and infected patients receive supportive care to help relieve symptoms.
To stuck /stʌk/
Example:
Try to do something useful when you stuck at home during Coronavirus.
Viral (adj)
Example:
Antibiotics cannot be used to treat viral infections because they don't kill viruses, only bacteria.
Virus (n)
Example:
Like all diseases caused by viruses, the common cold cannot be cured with antibiotics.
Zoonotic /ˌzuː.əˈnɑː.t̬ɪk/ (adj)
Example:
To protect yourself from zoonotic diseases it's best to avoid bites and scratches from animals.
Phrases:
Recommendations:
Maintain social distancing
Do not contact with sick people
Wash hands frequently with soap
Use hand sanitizer
Avoid touching face, mouth, nose, eyes
Cough or sneeze into a tissue.
Cough or sneeze into the bend of our elbow
Do not visit the vulnerable people (elderly/ unwell/ weak)
Work from home (WFH)
Social Distancing:
Do not:
Get close to others
Touch others
Visit others
Go out socially
Avoid:
Large groups/ crowds
Public transportation
Traveling
Do:
Stay at home
Work from home
Keep in touch with other people by phone/ video calls
Why?
To reduce the chances of catching the virus
To reduce the chances of passing it to others
What can we do? Let's...
Stay calm
Make the most of our time
Take care of ourselves
What can you say to others?
Be well
Stay healthy
Stay strong
More practice questions about Corona virus:
1. Can coronaviruses be transmitted from person to person?
2. What can you do to protect yourself?
3. Do you always wear your mask when you go out in public?
4. Do you often wash your hands? How often? and how? (by soap and water or by hand sanitizer?) And where can you buy hand sanitizer?
5. Are there many community cases in your local area/ town/ city? Do you know how many community cases everyday in your town?
6. What areas do you think the virus is easily spread/ transmitted? (markets/ ports/ beaches...)
7. Do you know the difference between an epidemic and a pandemic?
8. Do you what social distancing is? What should we do? and shouldn't do to apply social distancing? and why?
9. Does government impose blanket lockdown on your city?
10. Do you think blanket lockdown is effective? Or we should impose lockdown on only affected areas?
11. What does government ban people doing during Coronavirus?
12. Do you stock up on groceries and food during Coronavirus? What do you think about people who try to hoard a lot of food during the pandemic?
13. Does pandemic affect on your study/ work/ business a lot? Can you give some examples?
14. Can you tell me some essential businesses and non essential businesses?
15. Do you have any test kit at home? Do you know how to use it?
16. How long is the Coronavirus incubation period?
17. How do you deal/ cope with stress during Covid-19?
18.
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